2022-10-12 16:09:04|红果资源站小编 |来源：投稿
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Baseball is a sport played between two teams usually of nine players each. It is a bat-and-ball game in which a pitcher throws (pitches) a hard, fist-sized, leather-covered ball toward a batter on the opposing team. The batter attempts to hit the baseball with a tapered cylindrical bat, made of wood (as required in professional baseball) or a variety of other materials (as allowed in many nonprofessional games). A team scores runs only when batting, by advancing its players--primarily via hits, walks, and the opposition team's fielding errors--counterclockwise past a series of three markers called bases and touching home plate arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or "diamond." The game, played without time restriction, is structured around nine segments called innings. In each inning, both teams are given the opportunity to bat and score runs; a team's half-inning ends when three outs are recorded against that team.
就不一一复制了.都在下面网址里面.
欢迎你来百度棒球吧~
棒球的规则比较复杂，中文版的尚且要百八十页，何况英文原版，我找了个适合初学者的英文规则说明（涵盖了打击，出局，三振，盗垒，出界，四坏球，保送，跑垒的简单说明）：
BasicBaseballRules
Foryoungplayersandparentsunfamiliarwiththerulesofbaseball,herearethebasicrules:
Batting,Outs,andStrikes
Ayouthbaseballgameusuallyconsistsof6innings.Ineachinning,eachteamwillpitchandfieldwhiletheotherteambats.Whenthebattingteamgets3outs,theotherteambats.
Outs
Abatterisoutwhenanyofthefollowingoccur:
Theyget3strikes
Theyhitaballthatiscaughtbeforetheballhitstheground
Theballisthrowntothefirst-basemanandthefirst-basemantouchesthebasewiththeirfootwhiletheballisintheirgloveorhand.
Anymemberofthefieldingteamtagsthebatterwiththeballortheglovecontainingtheballbeforetheygetsafelyto1stbase.
Anymemberofthefieldingteamtagsthebatterwiththeballortheglovecontainingtheballwhenthebatterisontheirwayto2ndbase,3rdbase,orhome.
Anybase-runnerisoutifanyofthefollowingoccur:
Thebaserunnerisforcedoutbeforearrivingatthenextbase.(SeeForceOutvs.TagOutbelow)
Thebaserunneristaggedoutwhileoffbase.
StrikesandFouls
Abattermaygetastrikein3differentways:
Aswingandamissataball
Aballthrownintothestrikezonethatisnotswungatbutcalledastrikebytheumpire
Aballhit"foul".
A"foul"ballisonethatishitsoitrollstotheoutsideofthelinefromhomeplateto1stbaseoroutsidethelinefromhomeplateto3rdbase.Aballthatishitwithinthetwolinespreviouslydescribedisa"fair"ball.Abatterneverreceivesa3rdandfinalstrikeforhittingafoulball.Iffoulballsarehitafter2strikesareobtained,thebatterkeepsbatting.Theexceptionisthatifafoulhitball(orfairball)iscaughtbeforeitstrikestheground,thebatterisout.
TheStrikeZone
Thestrikezoneisapproximatelythewidthofthehomeplate(oralittlewider)andhasheightfromaboutthekneestotheshouldersofthebatter.Thiszonewillvaryslightlyamongleaguesandumpires.Asmentionedinthepreviousparagraph,ifthepitchedballiswithinthestrikezoneandthebatterdoesnotswing,theumpirewillcallastrike.
BallsandWalks
Ifthepitcherpitchestoanareaoutsidethe"strikezone"thatiscalleda"ball"bytheumpireandthebatterdoesnotswing,thiswillcountasa"ball".Ifthebatterisawarded4ballsbeforestrikingoutorgettingoutinanyotherway,theywillbegivena"walk".Inawalk,thebatterisallowedtosafelyproceedtofirstbase.
RunningtheBases
Afterabatterhitsafairball,theywillattempttodooneofthefollowing:
Runto1stbaseonly.
Runto1stbase,then2ndbase(calledadouble).
Continuepast2ndbaseandrunto3rdbase(calledatriple).
Continuepast3rdbasetohomeplate(calledahomerun).
Inaddition,anypreviousbattersthatareononeofthebasesmayadvancetosubsequentbasesandfinallyhome.Arunisscoredforeachplayerofthebattingteamsuccessfullyreachinghomeplate.
Over-RunningtheBases
Afterafairballishit,thebatterproceedstoruntofirstbase.Ifthebatterisonlygoingtoruntofirstbase,theyareallowedtooverrunthefirstbaseandare"safe"iftheytouchbasebeforethefirst-basemancatchestheballwhilestandingonbase.Thebatterisstillsafeeveniftheyareoffbase,providedtheyrunstraightpastthefirstbaseandturntotheirright.Ifthebatter,however,tagsfirstbaseandroundsthecornerto2ndbase,theymaybetaggedoutiftheyarenotsuccessful!Also,playersrunningfrom1stto2ndor2ndto3rdbasemayalwaysbetaggedoutiftheyoverrunthebaseandthe2ndor3rdbasemantagsthem.Soinsummary,overrunningabasewithoutdangerofbeingtaggedoutisonlyallowedforabatterrunningstraightpastfirstbase.
TaggingRunnersOut
Anyplayerofthefieldingteammaytaganyrunneroutbytouchingtheplayerwiththeballinhandortheglovecontainingtheballprovidedtherunnerisoffbasewithexceptionofthefirstbaseover-runcoveredinthepreviousparagraph.
Force-Outvs.Tag-OutSituations
Tworunnersofthebattingteamcannotoccupyabaseatthesametime.Thismeansthatifthereisarunnerat1stbaseandthenextbatterhitsafairball,thisrunneron1stmustadvancetoatleast2ndbase.Thisisknownasa"forceoutat2nd"situation.Ifthisisthecase,thesecondbasemanonlyhastotagthebasebeforetherunnerarrives,ratherthantagtherunner.Ifthesecondbasemanhasenoughtime,theymayeventhrowtofirstbasetogetthehitteroutaswell-ifsuccessful,thisisknownasa"doubleplay".Ina"basesloaded"situationwithrunnersateachbase,aforceoutispossibleat1stbase,2ndbase,3rdbase,orhomesincealloftherunnersandbattersareforcedtoadvancetothenextbase.Ontheotherhand,ifarunnerisalreadyat2ndbasewith3rdbaseemptyandtheballishit,the2ndbaserunnertryingtoreach3rdmayonlybetaggedoutbyactuallytaggingwiththeball(asopposedtosimplytaggingbase).Thislastcaseisa"tagout"situation.Soinsummary,ifarunnerisforcedtoadvance,aforceoutispossible.Ifarunnerisnotforcedtoadvance,theymustbetaggedout.Aforce-outonthebatterisalwayspossibleatfirstbase.
RuleConcerningRunsScoredWhen3rdOutIsMade
Allrunsscoredbeforethe3rdoutisactuallyobtainedwillcountifthethirdoutoccursinatag-outsituation.Soforexample,iftherearetwooutsandrunnersat2ndand3rdandthebatterhitsaballthatresultsinthe2ndbaserunnerbeingtaggedoutat3rdforthe3rdoutyetthe3rdbaserunnermadeithomebeforetheactualoutwasmade,therunwouldcount.Ifontheotherhand,therunnermadeithomeafterthe3rdoutwasactuallymade,therunwouldnotcount.Ifthe3rdoutoccurredonaforce-outsituation,therunathomewouldnotcount,evenifitwasachievedbeforethe3rdoutwasmade.
RulesConcerningPopFlyBalls
A"popflyball"isaballhitintotheairsoafieldercancatchitbeforeithitstheground.Ifapopflyiscaughtbeforeithitstheground,thebatterisautomaticallyout.Inaddition,anyrunnersthatstarttoadvancetoanotherbasebeforetheballiscaughtareoutiftheballisthrownbacktothebasemanandthebasemantagsthebasewith/herfootbeforetherunnerreturnsbacktobase.Soforexample,apopflyishit.Whiletheflyballisintheair,arunneron2ndbaseadvancesto3rd.Theballiscaughtandthrownbacktothe2ndbasemanandhe/shetagsbasebeforetherunnercangetbackonbase.Therunnerwouldbeout.Arunnermay"tagup"however,andthensafelyruntothenextbase."Taggingup"meanstherunnerwaitsuntilafterthefair-hitpop-flyballiscaughtandthenrunstothenextbase.So,ifour2ndbaserunnerhadwaitsuntiltheballiscaughtbeforeproceedingto3rdbase,therunnerwouldbesafe,providedtheydidnotgettaggedoutat3rdbase.
StealingBases
Inyouthbaseballleaguesforages9andbelow,stealingbasesingenerallynotallowedalthoughthereareexceptions.Foryouthbaseballleaguesforages9-12,stealingbasesisallowed.Anexistingrunnermayruntothenextbaseafterthepitchisthrownandarrivesatthecatcher,eveniftheballisnothit.Thisisknownasasteal.Thepitchingteammaytrytotagthisrunnerout.Thisisatag-outsituation.Notethatarunnermaynotstealonaballhitfoul-inthiscasethestealingrunnerisallowedtosafelyreturntotheoriginalbase.Alsonotethatsomeleaguesmayallowstealingbasesbeforetheballgetstothecatcher.Checkyourlocalrules.
图片无法详细解释棒球的规则，但能让你对场地、位置有个了解，配合着规则看吧。
具体的规则在这里可能也写不下！
下面是简单的规则：
棒球起源棒球这种团体性比赛始於美国，已有近二百年历史。相传棒球是由板球演变而来的，那是早期英国人迁往美国新大陆初期，由於早先英国人喜爱板球，因此也将板球带到美国；当时的成人忙於开拓新天地，无暇热衷这项运动，倒是儿童们热烈地玩这项板球游戏，因为当时从英国带来的球具不敷使用，於是尝试着自己制造，并且逐渐改良与订定新的规则和方法。真正将板球改为棒球的是一位名叫朗特斯的人，他将板球中的叁个球门改为木桩，也就是现在的叁个垒。比赛时有人掷板球，有人接掷来的球，掷接手中有打击手，各木桩前也有准备接球的人，这种方式就延伸、改进为现在的棒球运动。美国人热爱这种运动，并在一八四五年成立第一个棒球俱乐部，一八五八年美国正式组织棒球联盟来推动这种运动，当年就有职业性棒球的比赛。由於棒球运动的受到大众普遍的喜爱，也由於棒球运动的竞争激烈，世界棒球联盟已将它划分成四个阶段，那就是九至十二岁的少棒；十叁至十五岁的青少棒；十五至十八岁的青棒和十八岁以上的成棒。至於职业棒球原本和业馀棒球隶属不同的组织，但是世界棒球联盟已於一九九六年取消职业的字眼，也就是说职业球员也可以参加世界性的棒球比赛了。
棒球怎样玩打棒球的场地是每边九十英尺的菱形场地，每一个角上放一垒包，就是垒，由本垒顺序往前数，是一垒、二垒、叁垒。本垒有本垒板而没有垒包。在边线以内的地区，叫做内野，超出垒外的有效区，叫外野，由本垒到一垒和叁垒边线延长，所包括的区域，就是有效区。双方队员都要争取上垒，一垒一垒的推进，直到回本垒就算得分。以得分多少来分胜负。
九名球员上埸的九人，打击时全为打击手，要排好顺序，这个顺序是不能更换的。换人的时候，也能代替被换下人的原有顺序。防守时，一人担任投手，一人担任捕手，四人担任内野手，他们分别是一垒手、二垒手、叁垒手和游击手、叁人担任外野手，他们分别是左外野手，右外野手，和中坚手。另外在埸的人就是裁判了，裁判之一是主审，他站在本垒板的后面，他的责任是判断投手所投的球是好球、坏球、擦棒球、界外球；还判断回本垒的球员是安全，还是出局，球员是不是有犯规的情形，并且在发生争议时解释规则，做成决定。
要比赛九局成人棒球是赛九局，如双方有协议可以缩短。所谓一局，就是每队轮流打半局，而直到双方各有叁人被判出局，才算结束一局，再开始下一局的比赛。如果九局双方打成平手，还要一局一局延长下去，到分出胜负为止。
守和攻防守的球队，主要的任务是阻止攻击的球队回本垒得分。球赛开始，由防守球队的投手把球投到本垒上空的好球带围。攻击球队的打击手，要尽力把球打出去，打在有效区内。捕手要接住未被打中的球。
他也可以接住本垒附近的高飞球，或触击球，传给队友，封杀跑垒的人。
防守的一方，每个队员都有责任去接住被打中的球。当然主要人物还是投手，因为他是最先有机会使对方打击手出局的人物。或是叁振，或是接杀，或是封杀、触杀。上垒和出局——挥棒落空，要记为好球；投来的球，要通过好球带，都是好球。好球带就是在本垒板上空，打击手的膝盖以上，腋窝以下的地带。擦棒界外，也记好球。但是在已有两个好球情况下，擦棒界外就不记了。
叁好球以后，打击手就要出局。如果捕手在叁好球时，把球掉在地上了，在他把球传到一垒手手中以，前打击手可以跑垒，若是失误，打击手可安全上垒，当然多数情形是会被封杀的。投球不在好球带以内是坏球。四个坏球就要保送打击手上一垒。任何一个好球被击中，在落地以前为防守球员接住，打击手就要出局，打击手击中球以后，跑到一垒以前，防守球员把球传到了一垒，他就被封杀出局。打击手击中球以后，在球被传到一垒以前到达一垒，是安打；到达二垒而球未传到，是二垒安打；到达叁垒是叁垒安打；击到全垒打线外为全垒打，跑垒员可连跑四垒回本垒得分。打击手一旦上垒，就成了跑垒员，同队的队友就要尽一切努力使他向前面的垒推进，直到回本垒得分。往前跑垒可以在队友的安打下跑；可以在对方失误下跑，也可以盗垒。盗垒是在无安打，无失误，无投手犯规等情形下，推进一垒。跑垒员若是未踩垒，被触杀，被队友打出的球击中，或越过先他在垒的跑垒员，都要出局。
什么叫安打？
安打
安打是棒球运动中的一个名词，指打击手把投手投出来的球，击出到界内，使打者本身能至少安全上到一垒的情形。但有两种情形之下，不计为安打：一是因为对手球员的守备失误才造成安全上垒。二是因为守备球员选择试图让其他垒上的跑者出局，才造成打者安全上垒，这种情形称作野手选择。
安打的种类
安打可依照打击手本身到达的垒包，可分为一垒安打、二垒安打、三垒安打，及全垒打四种。但如果因为对方守备失误，造成的额外进垒，则以原来不失误的情形所应能上到的垒包数来区分。
依安打到的位置，可分为内野安打、外野安打，其中内野安打由于球击得不远，多半是一垒安打，且多半是跑垒速度快的打者才容易击出，如目前在美国职棒大联盟西雅图水手队的日本籍球员铃木一朗就是经常击出内野安打的好手。
按安打球飞行的方式，一般可分为高飞安打、平飞安打及滚地安打。另有一名称为「德州安打」，是指打得不甚强劲的飞球，刚好掉落在内野手及外野手之间落地而形成的幸运安打，又被称作「三不管地带的安打」。
安打的重要性
安打的出现，除了可让本身上垒，以增加得分机会之外，同时能推进甚至接让垒上的跑者回本垒得分，因此是棒球中攻击方最重要的得分利器，连续的安打更是棒球比赛中大量得分很好的方式。因此球员击出安打的能力，最受到重视，也因此，除了打击率（每个打数击出安打的比率）受到重视之外，安打数最多的球员也经常能获得职棒的奖项，如中华职棒便设有安打王的奖项。
什么叫本垒打？
这里有更详细的解释：
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each. The goal is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or diamond. Players on one team (the batting team) take turns hitting against the pitcher of the other team (the fielding team), which tries to stop them from scoring runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the batting team can stop at any of the bases and later advance via a teammate's hit or other means. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs. One turn at bat for each team constitutes an inning; nine innings make up a professional game. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins.
Evolving from older bat-and-ball games, an early form of baseball was being played in England by the mid-eighteenth century. This game and the related rounders were brought by British and Irish immigrants to North America, where the modern version of baseball developed. By the late nineteenth century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States. Baseball on the professional, amateur, and youth levels is now popular in North America, parts of Central and South America and the Caribbean, and parts of
. The game is sometimes referred to as hardball, in contrast to the derivative game of softball.
In North America, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL). Each league has three divisions: East, West, and Central. Every year, the champion of Major League Baseball is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series. Four teams make the playoffs from each league: the three regular season division winners,
wild card team. Baseball is the leading team sport in both Japan and Cuba, and the top level of play is similarly split between two leagues: Japan's Central League and Pacific League; Cuba's West League and East League. In the National and Central leagues, the pitcher is required to bat, per the traditional rules. In the American, Pacific, and both Cuban leagues, there is a tenth player, a designated hitter, who bats for the pitcher. Each top-level team has a farm system of one or more minor league teams. These teams allow younger players to develop as they gain on-field experience against opponents with similar levels of skill.棒球球棒和球的运动，由两队各有九名队员。我们的目标是通过与蝙蝠和感人的一系列安排在一九零平方英尺的角上的四基地打丢球得分，或钻石。一队的球员（棒球队）轮流打在对方的投手（守备队），试图阻止他们的得分让打者在任何的几种方法。在棒球队的一个球员可以停在任何后来的前进基地通过队友的打击或其他手段。在击球和防守时的防守球队记录三出局的球队开关。每队一次蝙蝠又构成一局；九局构成了一个专业的游戏。游戏结束时，最负责球队获胜。从旧棒球球棒和球游戏，早期的形式是在英格兰踢了第十八世纪中叶。这个游戏和相关的圆场棒球是由英国和爱尔兰移民带到美国北部，那里的现代版的棒球了。第十九世纪后期，棒球被普遍认为是美国全国性的体育运动。棒球在专业，业余爱好者，和青年的水平是现在流行在美国北部，中部和南部的美国和加勒比海地区，以及东亚地区。游戏有时被称为强硬，相反的垒球衍生游戏。在北美国，职业棒球大联盟（MLB）小组分为国家联盟（NL）和美国联盟（Al）。每个联盟有三个分支：东，西，和中央。每年，美国职业棒球大联盟的冠军的季后赛，最终在世界大赛中确定。四队来自各个联赛季后赛：常规赛三个分区冠军，加上onewild卡队。棒球在日本和古巴的领导团队运动，和发挥最高水平的两个联赛同样分裂：日本中央联盟和太平洋联盟；古巴西部联盟东部联盟。在国家和中央联盟的投手，所需的蝙蝠，按传统规则。在美国，太平洋，和古巴队，有十分之一名球员，指定打击，他们的投手蝙蝠。每个顶级球队有一个或多个小联盟球队的农场系统。这些团队让年轻的球员成为他们获得对领域的经验，对类似的技能水平的对手。
一定要采纳啊
Introduction and rules：
1 Baseball is a game between two teams of nine players each, under direction of a manager, played on an enclosed field in accordance with these rules, under jurisdiction of one or more umpires.
2 The objective of each team is to win by scoring more runs than the opponent.
3 The winner of the game shall be that team which shall have scored, in accordance with these rules, the greater number of runs at the conclusion of a regulation game.
